In his famous salivating dog experiment, Ivan Pavlov demonstrated that:
a. animals other than humans can exhibit higher intelligence.
b. learning primarily depends on the internal state.
c. reinforcement is necessary for learning.
d. all animals are governed by the laws of operant behavior.
ANS: C
FEEDBACK: The classic experiment by Pavlov demonstrated the importance of reinforcement. The dogs would not learn to respond to the bell unless they were rewarded for doing so. Pavlov then formulated a fundamental law of learning: A conditioned response cannot be established in the absence of reinforcement.
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Paul wants to increase the amount of time he studies, but is having trouble because he usually ends up playing his favorite video game instead. Paul has his roommate hide the game so that, if he wants to play the game instead of studying, he will first have to spend a lot of time looking for it. This is an example of ____________ for competing behaviors
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