Which of the following can be stimulated by pulmonary J receptors? 1. Edema 2. Inflammatory processes 3. Pulmonary vascular congestion
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: D
C fibers in the lung parenchyma near the pulmonary capillaries are called juxtacapillary receptors or J receptors. Alveolar inflammatory processes (pneumonia), pulmonary vascular congestion (congestive heart failure), and pulmonary edema stimulate these receptors. This stimulation caus-es rapid, shallow breathing; a sensation of dyspnea; and expiratory narrowing of the glottis.
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