Define and provide an example of overextension, underextension, a referential style, an expressive linguistic style, and telegraphic speech
What will be an ideal response?
Overextension occurs when children define words more broadly than adults do. For example, a child uses the word "car" to refer to cars, buses, and trucks. Underextension occurs when children define words more narrowly than adults do. For example, a child uses the word "car" only to refer to the family car. Referential style is a language-learning style of children whose vocabularies are dominated by names of objects, persons, or actions. For example, a child has 41 name words in her 50-word vocabulary, but only two words for social interaction. Expressive style is a language-learning style of children whose vocabularies include many social phrases that are used like one word. Some examples of this are "go away" and "I want it.". Children with an expressive style have a more balance vocabulary with plenty of words for social interactions, questions, and name words. Telegraphic speech contains only the words necessary to convey a message. One example of this is "He eating" rather than "He is eating.".
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What will be an ideal response?
Five-year-old Johan has very high self-esteem. His parents wonder whether this will change once he enters elementary school. Most likely, Johan's self-esteem will
A) continue to rise, as long as he does not engage in social comparison with his peers. B) maintain its current level, but will slowly decline in the areas of peer relationships and athletic competence. C) continue to rise until he makes the transition from elementary to middle school. D) decline over the first few years of elementary school, but will likely rise after fourth grade.