Which of the following is NOT an example of a nonverbal channel?

John is trying to persuade Paul to quit smoking. To do so, John talks about how awful Paul's health has been since he has smoked ... coughing, breathing hard, yellow teeth etc. What kind of reasoning is John using?

a. criteria to application b. cause to effect c. effect to cause d. reasoning from symptoms

Which of the following is not an advantage of using a notebook computer in field observations?

a) Storing field notes as text and structuring data as files b) Scanning field notes for key words and phrases c) Performing complex statistical functions, such as ANOVA, on field notes d) Processing field notes on location