You know you've made a math error whenever the standard deviation is

Which is NOT a reason why women were excluded from medical and clinical research well into the 1980s?

a) the inherent difficulty in controlling for biological differences between the sexes, which increased the complexity and the cost of any research design b) the unwillingness of women to subject their bodies to medical and clinical research studies c) the unknown effect of new medications on the developing fetus and the difficulty of making sure women did not become pregnant during the course of the study d) he difficulty in controlling the menstrual cycle, which can influence response to many interventions

A teenager can expect to borrow the car if he has his homework and chores completed, while he can expect not to "get the keys" if he has not completed his homework and chores. This illustrates

a. the interactionist view of operant conditioning. b. operant desensitization. c. Thorndike's law of association. d. the informational view of operant conditioning.