What are the main ideas in Vygotsky's sociocultural view of cognitive development? How did his theory reflect his own background?

What will be an ideal response?

Include the following main ideas:
--Social speech is what we hear around us.
--Private speech is what children say aloud to themselves to guide their actions and mental activity.
--ZPD is the Zone of Proximal Development or the distance between the current maximum independent performance level of a child and the tasks the child can perform if guided by an adult or more capable peer.
--Mediation is the process adults or more skilled peers use to introduce concepts and cognitive structures to a learner.
--Scaffolding is the support given to a child to develop a new mental function or learn a task.
--Collaborative learning is a process where children work together to help each other solve problems, share their knowledge and skills, and discuss their strategies and knowledge for each of the ways Vygotsky's background was reflected in his theory:
--His Jewish background taught him the importance of culture.
--He was taught by a tutor using the Socratic dialogue method.
--Vygotsky's theory reflects the collectivist philosophy of Marxism/Communism in the Soviet Union.