Generalized ideas that represent categories of objects or events are called

In one research project, a scientist gave students subliminal cassette tapes and told them to play them for 2 months

After 2 months, she assessed whether the tapes helped the self-esteem of her participants and found that self-esteem had indeed risen! While she may have attributed this to the tapes, it is also possible that those students may have found college life to be manageable and thus experienced an increase in self-esteem for that reason. This demonstrates which principle of critical thinking? A) Correlation vs. causation B) Extraordinary claims C) Ruling out rival hypotheses D) Replicability

If your friend were to do something that is not typical and not what she would regularly do, this lack of consistency would prompt you to make what kind of attribution?

a. circumstance attribution b. personal attribution as long as distinctiveness is low c. external attribution as long as consensus is high d. internal attribution