Which of the following examinations does NOT require the use of a laxative?

The pressure, flow, and volume waveforms illustrated below were obtained from a patient with COPD being mechanically ventilated with pressure-controlled ventilation (PC-CMV). Where along any of these tracings can the influence of volume compressed in the patient's breathing circuit be noticed?

A. the slight pressure elevation situated at the front end of the pressure plateau B. the gap along the baseline between the two upward deflections on the volume tracing C. the initial downward spike located along the flow waveform D. the abrupt drop-off down toward the baseline on the flow tracing

Intravenous nitrates in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction are used to reduce ____________________ requirements

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word