The public policymaking process involves

Party machines—centralized party organizations at the local level that dominated politics by controlling local elections—declined because

a. they could not provide needed services to the urban community. b. many of their activities were illegal. c. they were never effective at controlling local elections. d. they became increasingly corrupt and unable to deliver on promises e. government began to provide the social services that had been the basis of popular loyalty and support for the machines.

Suppose that a student taking research methods proposes to test the hypothesis that "playing violent video games leads men to have negative attitudes toward women

" After being asked to operationalize her variables the student proposes the following hypotheses. Which one provides the best operational definitions of her variables? a. Playing video games that advocate violence leads men to have bad feelings toward women. b. Playing video games does not lead men to have negative feelings toward women. c. Playing the violent video game Battle Warrior for 2 hours a day for one week will cause men to have negative attitudes toward women as measured by the Hostility Toward Women scale. d. Playing Nintendo for more than 3 hours a day leads college-aged men to have negative feelings toward women.