Poverty and school size are presumed common causes that, if omitted from the analysis, result in a biased estimate of the causal effect of parental engagement on the percent of students meeting ELA standards. If this is true, then the best estimate of the true causal effect of parental engagement available in the table is

A decision of the Supreme Court that represents the agreed-upon compromise judgment of all the justices in the majority is called a

a. plurality opinion. b. dissenting opinion. c. concurring opinion. d. majority opinion. e. minority opinion.

State constitutions frequently place severe restrictions on the taxation power of ________

A. the federal government B. state and local governments C. special interest groups D. religious interest groups