Classical economists who allow for shocks other than productivity shocks to affect the economy use ________ models rather than RBC models

Consumer surplus is

a. the amount by which quantity supplied exceeds quantity demanded at the current market price b. the amount by which quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied at the current market price c. the change in total utility derived from a one-unit change in the consumption of a good d. the difference between the price of the good paid by the consumer and the costs of production to the seller e. the difference between the maximum amount that a consumer is willing to pay for a given amount of a good and the amount that the consumer actually pays

Assume a market price gets set artificially high-that is, it gets set above the equilibrium price. This change means:

A. Every consumer loses surplus, and it all gets transferred to producers. B. Every producer gains surplus, due to the higher price now being charged. C. Some consumers drop out of the market, and those left lose some surplus. D. None of these is true.