Which of the following is true of a sense of calling?
A) People generally only feel a sense of calling when others respect their work.
B) Work must be intrinsically interesting for someone to feel it is meaningful
C) A sense of calling increases performance at the individual level, but scholars have not found that a collective sense of calling increases an organization's performance
D) A sense of calling directly relates to decreased conflict at work.
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Incorrect. Wrzesniewski's research on hospital orderlies showed that people can experience a sense of calling even in work that others deem unsavory.
B) Incorrect. Grant's research on telephone solicitors showed that people who have boring and difficult jobs can experience performance improvement when the meaningful of their jobs is enhanced by identifying the beneficiaries of their work.
C) Incorrect. Research shows that organizations with a higher sense of collective calling perform better.
D) Correct. Research shows that calling related to decreased conflict.
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Based on the ideas of force-field analysis, _____
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