The "layer cake" comparison is used to describe __________ federalism, which began in the 1930s.

A friend in your class wants to construct close-ended questions for a survey. From the reasons listed below, why do you think your friend is interested in using close-ended questions?

a. detailed and thoughtful answers b. no set responses c. faster to score d. easy to write

Theorists suggesting that the future of world politics may resemble feudalism, only with a digital or information revolution-oriented slant, suggest this because they believe __________

a. states will continue to exist, but individuals will cease to identify with them, instead identifying with members of an array of digital groups or networks b. the basic importance of states will not change, but people’s lives will be enriched by new sources of identity, many of them gained through digital or virtual citizenship. c. countries will cease to exist as they now stand, and will instead become more information network-oriented, competing for the loyalty of citizens with newer networks d. states will still exist, but will be forced to compete for loyalty in a digital era—with other communities, as well as networks to which individuals have contractual relations.