__________can be positive or negative, occur at irregular intervals, and create stress

Which of the following is true regarding the chi squared test of independence?

a. It requires a numerical (quantitative) score for each individual. b. The sample must be random c. Population parameters such as m and s must be known. d. The observations must not be independent.

People tend to judge as valid those conclusions for which they can construct a real-world model, and judge as invalid those for which they cannot. If your prior knowledge, attitudes,

or values distort your reasoning process by influencing you to accept invalid arguments, you have fallen victim to the ________ effect. FIll in the blank with correct word.