Which theory focuses on our experiences, problems, potentials, and ideals and emphasizes a positive image of people as creative beings capable of free will?

As an infant, Stephanie received many penicillin injections from the doctor. When she later saw a photographer in a white coat that was similar to the doctor's coat, she started to cry. This is an example of _____.

A) instrumental learning B) observational learning C) classical conditioning D) habituation

A profoundly mentally retarded girl hit herself several times a minute, for about 3,000 hits per day. Medication was tried but was ultimately not successful. Finally, she was shocked in the leg each time she hit herself

The rate of hitting dropped so dramatically that the psychologist was able to terminate the treatment. What technique was used? a) shaping b) extinction c) punishment d) systematic desensitization