Which of the following would be among Patty's semantic memories?
A) remembering shopping for her wedding gown with her future mother-in-law
B) the memory of her four siblings dancing at the reception
C) recalling when her husband proposed
D) knowing that it is appropriate to stand when the bride walks down the aisle
Answer: D
Rationale: Semantic memories are declarative memories that include facts about the world. They can be thought of as the non-fiction reference books of your long-term memory. In contrast, episodic memories are declarative memories for personal experiences that are recalled from a first-person perspective. All of the memories listed are of personal episodes, except for remembering that it is appropriate to stand when the bride walks down the aisle, which is a semantic (factual) memory.
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The mortality rate for children under age 5 has been greatly reduced in developing nations as a result of which of the following factors?
a. increased parental education and increased level of income b. increased iron consumption and decreased childhood vaccinations c. increased parental income and increased level of education d. increased food production and increased childhood vaccinations
"Validity" refers to the extent to which an instrument:
a. Measures what it is designed to measure. b. Yields comparable results when administered by different people on separate occasions. c. Is easy to administer. d. Yields comparable results when administered by the same person on different occasions. e. Is approved for use in the United States.