Mahler used the term separation-individuation to describe the process of an infant recognizing its distinctiveness from its mother

According to research on the testing effect,

a. although testing can improve recall, it is not as helpful as spending the same amount of time studying. b. testing consistently improves recall, no matter whether the retention interval is short or long. c. this effect operates only when students receive feedback on their test scores. d. one explanation is that test-taking creates desirable difficulties.

According to Gail Sheehy, our cultural and societal environment interacts with age to produce unique goals and interests for different cohorts at the same chronological age

a. True b. False