What describes a shared body of general values and attitudes that shapes views toward government?

In the context of the colonists' participation in colonial governments, which of the following statements is true?

A. They became familiar with the practical problems of governing. B. They did not pay taxes to support the costs incurred by the British government. C. They were represented in the British Parliament. D. They resented the Sugar Act more than the Stamp Act. E. They were unable to establish their own constitutions even after their independence from Britain.

According to James Madison in The Federalist, No. 51, political power should be

a. exercised by those with the greatest knowledge of government and society. b. centralized in the national government. c. abolished in favor of a more libertarian society. d. dispersed among a number of institutions.