Regarding gender and depression, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Overall, women are about 25 percent more likely than men to experience depression.
b. Hormonal fluctuations likely play a role in cases of depression involving pregnancy, menstruation, and menopause.
c. Researchers believe that social and environmental conditions are the main reason for the gender difference in depression.
d. Psychosocial factors that contribute to women's greater risk for depression include conflicts about birth control and pregnancy, work and parenting, and the strain of providing emotional support for others.
a
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What is the partial reinforcement effect?
a) learning under partial reinforcement is more difficult b) extinction after partial reinforcement is more difficult c) learning under continuous reinforcement is more difficult d) extinction after continuous reinforcement is more difficult
Like Piaget, Vygotsky believed that children
a. learn through observation and reinforcement. b. actively seek to discover new principles. c. come into the world like "blank slates" to be written upon. d. must be grown like "plants in a hot house" to full bloom.