Which of the following refers to externally directed incentives offered to the ultimate consumer?

a. personal selling c. seller support
b. trade promotions d. consumer promotions

D
Consumer promotions usually consist of offers such as coupons, premiums, rebates, and so on that are designed to gain one or more of the following: product trial; repeat usage of product; more frequent or multiple product purchases; introduction of a new or improved product; introduction of new packaging or different size packages; neutralization of competitive advertising or sales promotions; capitalization on seasonal, geographic, or special events; encouragement of consumers to trade up to a larger size, more profitable line, or another product in the line.