Which of the following can occur with excessive pulmonary artery catheter movement?
a. Catheter whip
b. Balloon rupture
c. Catheter knotting
d. Dampened waveform
ANS: C
Excessive catheter movement can cause catheter knotting. Catheter whip is caused by high car-diac output or abnormal vessel diameter. Balloon rupture is due to loss of balloon elasticity or overinflation. Dampening of the waveform can be caused by air in line, a clot in the system, kinks in line, a catheter tip against the vessel wall, over-wedging, or blood on the transducer.
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