The idea that we often learn about ourselves by comparing our group's performance with that of another group of people is reflective of:

The consequences of being labeled as suffering from a mental illness are real. In one study conducted with 84 men who had been hospitalized for mental illness that is described in the textbook, it was found that

a. 85 percent of the men had lost their job because of their hospitalization. b. 10 percent of the men reported having been denied a room or apartment. c. all of the men reported incidents of rejection. d. only after a year-long course of treatment that resulted in improved functioning did the perception of stigma disappear.

The extent to which the first information we receive about someone influences our impression of that person more than later information is called the ________

a. primacy effect b. halo effect c. phi phenomenon d. recency effect