In the context of the study by Masuda and Nisbett on attention involving American and Japanese students, people in Western cultures tend to engage in context-independent and _____ processes by focusing on a salient object (or person) independently from the context in which it is embedded

Which of the following is a weakness of the James-Lange theory of emotion?

a. Cognitive appraisal is not a component. b. The theory does not address the subjective feeling of emotion. c. The theory ignores the role of physiological reactions. d. Awareness always precedes physiological reactions during emotions.

What is one purpose of the validity scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)?

a) to assess levels of current stressors b) to check the appropriateness of a particular diagnosis c) to detect tendencies of test takers to present themselves in a favorable light d) to distinguish items that incorrectly diagnose from those that correctly diagnose an individual