Which of the following is true about crimes?
A) Torts always accompany crimes, although the civil case is often not brought.
B) Criminal liability exists only if there is a victim who suffered damages.
C) A criminal defendant will be found guilty whenever the jury believes it is more likely
than not that the defendant committed the crime.
D) Criminal law is based on an act done by an individual that violates a duty owed to society
and for the breach of which the law will impose punishment.
D
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Which of the following is a difference between vertical conflict and horizontal conflict?
a. Vertical conflict occurs between different levels in a marketing channel, while horizontal conflict occurs among channel members on the same level. b. Vertical conflict is found when manufacturers practice multiple distribution strategies, while horizontal conflict is found when manufacturers practice a single distribution strategy. c. Vertical conflict occurs when a wholesaler chooses to bypass a producer, while horizontal conflict occurs when a producer chooses to bypass a wholesaler. d. Vertical conflict is primarily characterized by lying and breaking contractual agreements, while horizontal conflict is primarily characterized by hiding and withholding information.
Direct representation, as opposed to representation by independent intermediaries, for exporting by the market country, has several advantages which do not include:
A) facilitates control and communications. B) allows decisions concerning program development and resource allocation. C) benefits when a product is not yet established in a market. D) ensures marketer's interest and special efforts. E) helps selling products directly to the consumer in the market country.