Discuss the theory of mind hypothesis of ASD. What findings provide support for this hypothesis?
What will be an ideal response?
By age 4, most children can comprehend what others might know, think, and believe; this is something that even older individuals with ASD have great difficulty doing. The ToM hypothesis of ASD begins with the premise that the ability to read the intentions, beliefs, feelings, and desires of others from their external behavior has adaptive significance in human evolution. ToM proposes that all humans are, by nature, mind readers.
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The discussion of working memory examines research on "acoustic confusions." How are acoustic confusions relevant to working memory?
a. When material is processed in the phonological loop, similar-sounding items can be confused with one another. b. When material is processed in the visuospatial sketchpad, similar-sounding items can be confused with one another. c. The central executive has several component processes, including the task of resolving acoustic confusions. d. This research suggests that the phonological loop plays a relatively minor role in working memory.
Visual acuity is sharpest, when images cast by the environmental stimuli fall directly on
the fovea, because a. most of the cones in the fovea send their signals to only one ganglion cell instead of several. b. there are fewer bipolar and ganglion cells in the area surrounding the fovea than there are in the retina's periphery. c. there are no photoreceptors in the retina's periphery. d. the fovea has no blind spot. e. the distance between the retina and the optic nerve is minimized at the fovea.