You are alone responding to an alert and oriented male with chest discomfort who refuses treatment. He is angry with his family for calling for help and will not sign the refusal form despite several requests. In addition to documenting that the patient understands and accepts the risks of refusing care, you would:

a. contact the police to place the patient into protective custody.
b. have a family member sign as a witness to the man's refusal.
c. carefully restrain the man and transport him to the aid room.
d. call for an ALS ambulance and have the paramedics treat the patient.

Answer: b