Which term describes a set of beliefs about members of a particular group?

What broad definition of stress has been offered by scientists?

a. a subtype of mental disorder that emphasizes physiological symptoms b. a challenging event that requires behavioral, cognitive, and physiological adaptation c. a set of specific symptoms that are associated with increased risk for mental disorders d. an evolutionary development that has enabled humans to adapt to rapid technological changes

Reyna knows that if she puts in longer hours, her performance on her project will improve. However, she feels her boss dislikes her, so even if she improves her performance, she believes she will not receive a raise (which she would really like). According to expectancy theory, Reyna has high _____ and low _____.

A) instrumentality; valence B) valence; expectancy C) expectancy; instrumentality D) expectancy; valence