When would you conclude there is a causal effect in an experiment?

A) when the systematic variance is high and error variance is low
B) when both systematic and error variance are low
C) when the error variance is greater than the systematic variance
D) when the error variance has a positive effect on the mean of the experimental group

Answer: A

Political Science

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West Germany, Japan, and Panama are described as unusual by Downes because __________

a. they all successfully democratized after regime change b. they all required a second regime change c. none suffered civil wars d. none required prolonged occupation

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The appellant is the party that is

a. appealing the holding in a case. b. requesting that the previous opinion be upheld. c. carrying the burden of proof. d. bringing the original case before the court. e. is being sued in a civil case.

Political Science