In the context of operant conditioning, any stimulus that increases the probability that a preceding behavior will be repeated is known as a(n) ________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
reinforcer
Psychology
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__________ involves rewarding gradual changes in the direction of the ultimate goal
a) Shaping b) Systematic desensitization c) Exposure d) Flooding
Psychology
Cognitive-behavioral therapy is based on the concept that __________.
A. reinforcement and punishment are the best way to change behavior B. thinking influences emotion, motivation, and behavior C. behavior must change before cognitive changes can occur D. the therapist should take a less active role than is typically the case in behavior therapies
Psychology