Since 1970, the U.S. economy has experienced 2 periods of high inflation.

Experimental effects, such as the Hawthorne effect,

A) generally are not germane in quasi-experiments. B) typically require instrumental variable estimation in quasi-experiments. C) can be dealt with using binary variables in quasi-experiments. D) are the most important threat to internal validity in quasi-experiments.

A union can achieve higher wages without accepting lower levels of employment of members by

A) striking. B) increasing the productivity of its members. C) increasing the amounts of imports. D) increasing the difficulty of its apprenticeship program.