External factors that pull an individual toward behaving in a certain way are called:

Dollard and Miller state that a situation in which you are "damned if you do and damned if you don't" is best described as a(n)

a) approach-approach conflict. b) approach-avoidance conflict. c) avoidance-avoidance conflict. d) double approach-avoidance conflict.

Some of the earliest writings attributing mental abnormality to physical causes came from ________. They suggested that abnormality was caused by either an imbalance of body fluids, an inappropriate diet, or faulty body activity

a) Persia b) Rome c) India d) Egypt