Which of the following indicate that a patient being considered for extubation can provide ade-quate clearance of pulmonary secretions?

1. The patient has a maximum inspiratory pressure of 73 cm H2O.
2. The patient is alert and cooperative.
3. The patient has a dead space-to-tidal volume ratio of 0.7.
4. The patient coughs rigorously on suctioning.
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1, 2, and 4 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 2, 3, and 4 only

ANS: B
Excerpts from the AARC guideline (CPG 36-4) include indications, contraindications, hazards and complications, assessment of need, assessment of outcome, and monitoring.