A high correlation between a child's aggressive behavior (e.g., hitting, kicking, biting) and that of her parents (e.g., spanking) indicates that
a. the child's aggression caused the spanking.
b. the spanking caused the aggression.
c. shared aggressive genes, a third factor, caused the child's aggression and the parents' spanking.
d. aggression and spanking are related, but correlations do not indicate causality.
d
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According to family pedigree and twin studies, a person is at greatest risk for developing schizophrenia __________
a) if he or she has an identical twin diagnosed with the disorder. b) if he or she has a nonidentical twin diagnosed with the disorder. c) if he or she has an adoptive parent diagnosed with the disorder. d) if he or she has a biological parent diagnosed with the disorder.
Post hoc comparisons in a two-factor between-subjects analysis of variance using the
Tukey HSD test are used to compare simple effects _____ . a. if Fobs for the interaction is statistically significant b. if Fobs for the interaction is nonsignificant c. only if Fobs for the interaction and at least one main effect are statistically significant d. only if at least one main effect is statistically significant and Fobs for the interaction is nonsignificant