What are the different views of adolescent development?
What will be an ideal response?
Views of adolescent development have changed across time. G. Stanley Hall was the
first to suggest a distinct stage of adolescence and to define it as a time of "storm and
stress.". According to this view, adolescence is a time of intense turmoil with mood
swings and conflicts with parents that are a necessary aspect of growing up. Sigmund
Freud saw most of adolescence as a peaceful time of transition from childhood to
adulthood. Peaceful, that is, until the genital stage begins and sexual urges reemerge at
puberty. Anna Freud, like Hall, considered adolescence to be marked by turmoil.
However, she viewed the turmoil as being caused by an intense sex drive and the
feelings of anxiety and uncertainty created by this drive. Turmoil, according to both
Hall and Anna Freud, is a necessary aspect of adolescence and is necessary for
normal development. Contemporary views see turmoil and stress as potential, but not
necessary, aspects of adolescence. One key predictor of the degree of turmoil
experienced by an adolescent is degree, number, and/or magnitude of life changes that
coincide with adolescence and puberty. A child experiencing moving to a new school, a
parental divorce, issues of sexual orientation, and the like is more prone to experiencing
adolescence as a time of turmoil.
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According to the Spencer–Bain principle, ______.
a. the probability of a behavior is increased if it is followed with a pleasurable outcome and decreased if it is followed by painful outcome b. the organisms with the best adapted features will be more likely to survive and reproduce c. advantageous traits are handed down from parents to offspring, resulting in a better adapted species over time d. a person will persist in behaviors that increase their likelihood of survival and abandon behaviors that do not
When young Mathias's mother says, ''Good morning honey, how did you sleep?'', he responds by simply repeating what she said instead of answering her question. This is a form of language disturbance called
A. pronoun reversal. B. echolalia. C. mutism. D. deferred mirroring.