In the Ricci v. DeStefano case discussed in the text, seventeen white and one Hispanic firefighters sued the City of New Haven. The plaintiffs alleged the city's refusal to certify test results of an examination, which would have made them eligible for promotion, was a violation of Title VII's ban on disparate treatment. How did the U.S. Supreme Court rule?
a. That the City of New Haven had engaged in illegal disparate impact discrimination.
b. That the City of New Haven had engaged in illegal disparate treatment discrimination.
c. That the City of New Haven had acted appropriately because there was a credible threat of a lawsuit.
d. That the City of New Haven had acted appropriately both because there was a credible threat of a lawsuit and because the City had established, using objective facts, that such a lawsuit could not be afforded.
b
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Equity theory demonstrates that, for most employees, motivation is influenced by
a. relative rewards. b. input-output ratio. c. absolute rewards. d. relative and absolute rewards. e. job satisfaction.
Which of the following is true of the per se rule in restraint of trade?
A) fails to permit any defenses and justifications to save the restraint of trade B) applies only to restraints that are found to be unreasonable with certain evidentiary standards being met C) applies to restraints that are based primarily on the firm's market share and power D) requires a balancing of the positive and negative effects of the challenged restraint