______ occurs when a person is prevented from reaching a goal because someone or something is in the way

The following couples are attempting to conceive a child. Based on your understanding of the text, which of the following couples would be the most appropriate candidate for genetic counseling?

Jennifer and Jess who are in their early 30s but both have a history of diabetes. Vicky and Steven who are in their early 40s and have a history of miscarriages and infertility. Lashandra and Lamar who are in their early 20s and have been trying to become pregnant but have been unsuccessful for the last two months. Avery and Miley who are in their early 30s and have just completed an unsuccessful round of artificial insemination. Vicky and Steven Lashandra and Lamar Avery and Miley Jennifer and Jess

Sometimes observers in naturalistic observation see what they expect to see even when it doesn't occur. This problem is called

a. observer bias. b. pro-social interaction effect. c. observer effect. d. halo effect.