Which of the following is a stimulus motive?

Research seems to show that expressed emotion tends to be more common in Western than in non-Western or developing countries. What aspect of schizophrenia has this observation been used to explain?

a. less severe long-term outcomes in developing countries b. differences in the content of delusions from culture to culture c. differences in the types of symptoms commonly seen in various cultures d. more positive response to drug treatments of schizophrenia in developing countries

The range is:

a. the arithmetic average. b. the middle score in a distribution after the scores have been ordered from highest to lowest or lowest to highest c. the average difference between the scores in a distribution and the mean of the distribution. d. the difference between the lowest and highest score in a distribution.