An instrumentation threat occurs when taking the pretest affects how participants do on the posttest

Twenge and colleagues (2001) conducted an experimental study on social exclusion in which participants were told that none of the other participants wanted to work with them on the experimental task. Their results reveal that

A) although subjects were surprised by rejection, it did not result in an aggressive response even when given the opportunity to aggress. B) participants who were rejected by their similar others became aggressive when given the opportunity, but were not significantly more aggressive in response to rejection by dissimilar others. C) participants who were rejected by dissimilar others reacted aggressively when given the opportunity, but had significantly less reaction to rejection by similar others. D) people who experience social rejection will retaliate with aggression if given the opportunity. E) social rejection causes passivity, withdrawal, and inhibited responding.

Characteristically, an REBT therapist would be

a) an empathetic listener. b) indirect. c) subtle. d) highly active.