In a competitive industry, each firm has a cost function (for a given set of input prices). Demand for the industry's output is . The (long run) equilibrium number of firms is

In a closed economy private saving is $500 billion and the government budget deficit is $100 billion. What is investment?

Shortages are the same thing as excess:

A.) Supply caused by price floors. B.) Supply caused by price ceilings. C.) Demand caused by price floors. D.) Demand caused by price ceilings.