Which of the following financial market developments has helped to remove financial constraints faced by people?

Which of the following would be a private cost to a cigarette smoker?

a. Cost to the employer of the higher health insurance premiums due to the hiring of a smoker. b. Cost to the employer of the extra effort lost due to the increased missed days of work as a result of smoking. c. Cost to the city of extra park cleanup due to the presence of cigarette butts. d. Price of the pack of cigarettes. e. Cost to the government to pay the hospital expenses of indigent smokers.

To find the percentage change in price,

A. The change in quantity is divided by the average quantity. B. The change in quantity is divided by the change in price. C. The percentage change in quantity demanded is divided by the percentage change in price. D. The change in price is divided by the average price.