Define substance-related disorders and describe their most probable causes
What will be an ideal response?
The answer should describe this category of disorders, with a focus on alcoholism. In
addition to discussing the possible biological bases, the answer should discuss potential cognitive
causes.
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These last from 2 to 3 seconds and occur frequently in people who try to stay awake for long periods of time
a) nods b) microsleeps c) mini-naps d) sleep fantasies.
Although different people have different views on whether punishment or reinforcement is the best way to alter behavior, most agree that
a. Punishment works better for adults, while reinforcement works better for children. b. Both punishment and reinforcement are both most effective when they immediately follow the performed behavior. c. The only way to truly alter a person's behavior is if they really want to change. Otherwise it makes no difference whether you use punishment or reinforcement. d. Negative reinforcement is better than positive reinforcement, and negative punishment is better than positive punishment.