In Western cultures ______________
a. most children show signs of readiness for toilet training by their first birthday
b. a sign of being ready to begin toilet training is when the child can stay "dry" for an hour or two during the day
c. views about toilet training have stayed the same over the last several decades
d. children are toilet trained in a nearly identical way as their counterparts in traditional cultures
Answer: B
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Rachel is concerned that she might accidentally suffocate her baby if she shares a bed with him. What information can you share with Rachel about precautions taken in cultures where cosleeping is widespread?
A) Parents and infants usually sleep on soft surfaces and use quilts and comforters. B) Parents typically place their infants to sleep on their stomachs. C) Parents and infants usually sleep on hard surfaces, such as firm mattresses, floor mats, or wooden planks. D) Parents usually assume a distinctive sleeping posture by turning their backs to the infant.
According to Seligman's (1995 ) summary, what did Consumers Reports find with regard to psychotherapy effectiveness?
a) There was no statistical difference between long-term and short-term treatment b) In terms of perceived effectiveness, psychotherapy plus medication was more beneficial than psychotherapy alone c) Family doctors were just as effective as mental health professionals in the short-term and long-term d) No particular type of psychotherapy treatment was perceived as more effective or superior than another