What is deindividuation? What was the former idea about it, and the more modern conception? What is the experience with English "soccer hooligans" that supports the modern idea?
What will be an ideal response?
Deindividuation is a state of reduced self-awareness brought on by being an anonymous member of a crowd. The old idea was that being in a crowd makes people anonymous and therefore less responsible or accountable for their actions. They are therefore less restrained and more likely to behave in antisocial" ways.
More recently, Postmes and Spears (1998) showed that deindividuation leads to greater behavior that follows the norms of the group, not less. In other words, it is not that people run amok, behaving antisocially, but, in a crowd, they are more likely to follow the norms of the crowd, especially if they are highly-identified with the group. After psychologists working with police talked to English soccer fan leaders, violent incidents caused by fans stopped. That is, the norms of the group changed, and so individual hooligans stopped behaving so violently.
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A basic property of sentence comprehension is that we interpret words as we encounter them, otherwise known as ____________
a. sequential processing c. immediacy b. serial ordering d. order effects
Solomon Asch's classic experiment (in which subjects judged a "standard" line and "comparison" lines) showed that
a. subjects yielded to group pressure in only ten percent of the critical test trials. b. subjects were not nervous or upset about making judgments different from the group. c. 75 percent of the subjects yielded to group pressure at least once. d. when tested alone only five percent of the subjects made errors of judgment.