____ is a social-insurance program under which the federal government pays for part of the cost of medical care for retired persons.

In within-subjects designs, the unwanted effects due to the influence of one condition on the following conditions is called

A) positive practice effects. B) negative practice effects. C) carry-over effects. D) attrition effects.

A criticism of reformers' support for the initiative process is their faith in voters as

a. ill-informed b. interested individuals. c. interest group members. d. competent legislators.