Clark and Chalmers argue that due to causal coupling between a cognitive agent and their environment, those external devices that take part in the cognitive process, actually should be considered to constitute a cognitive system in its own right.

Which of the following characteristics are strong predictors of adolescents' initial experimentation with drugs?

a. extroversion and agreeableness b. introversion and impulsiveness c. rebelliousness and extroversion d. introversion and conscientiousness

Which of the following is a valid criticism of the "distancing hypothesis"?

a. Distancing may have an evolutionary basis. b. Parent-adolescent conflict increases in adolescence. c. Distancing does not occur in all cultures. d. Some adolescents really love their parents.