Adam Smith used a famous example of what type of firm to illustrate economies of scale?

Assume that the reserve—deposit ratio is 0.2. The Federal Reserve carries out open-market operations, purchasing $1,000,000 worth of bonds from banks. This action increased the money supply by $2,600,000. What is the currency—deposit ratio?

A) 0.2 B) 0.3 C) 0.4 D) 0.5

Expectations about future profitability

A) only affect the level of investment and GDP in the future. B) only affect the level of investment in the future, but can affect the level of GDP in the present. C) can affect the level of investment and GDP in the present. D) only affect the level of GDP in the future, but can affect the level of investment in the present.