Contrast the effects of acetylcholine and serotonin on cortical arousal
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Cortical arousal refers to alertness and wakefulness and is indexed by cortical desynchrony. Acetylcholine is contained within two sets of neurons and released in the cortex to induce desynchrony. One pathway is from the pons to cortex, and the other is from the basal forebrain to cortex. Electrical stimulation of the pons induces cortical desynchrony and is accompanied by marked increases in acetylcholine levels. Serotonin-containing neurons are located within the raphe nuclei. Serotonin neurons may be most active during waking and are almost silent during REM sleep.
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Early maturation in girls is related to all of the following EXCEPT:
A) the experience of an unhappy childhood. B) childhood obesity. C) being in the top 15 percent for height in second grade. D) having a mother who reached menarche at a young age.
For the distribution of means to be normal then either the distribution of scores must be normal or sample size must be ______.
a. limited b. small c. evenly distributed d. large