Behavior reflecting an earlier stage of development is known as a(n)

If the onset of a light reliably signals the onset of food, a rat in a Skinner box will work to turn on the light. In this case, the light is a _____ reinforcer.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Tests used to predict future performance, such as intelligence tests, College Boards, and tests for clerical and mechanical aptitude are all based on extensive ______ studies

a. case b. longitudinal c. naturalistic observation d. correlational