An extended debate in the Senate which is designed to delay or even prevent a bill's passage is referred to as a(n)

While treaties are considered binding agreements between signatories, a major weakness of the use of treaties in international law is the fact that ______.

a. they are seldom used b. enforcement is costly c. sovereignty is ignored d. compliance is voluntary

What payoff would Sony get if it chose to switch to HD DVD and Toshiba chose to produce HD DVD?

In 2006, there were a number of media reports about the next generation of DVD players, which produce much clearer picture and sound than that produced by current machines. However, there are two competing formats, Blu-ray (Sony) and HD DVD (Toshiba). Both are affiliated with certain movie studios, which have agreed to release their movies in one or the other of the new formats. This creates a problem for the producers of this new technology—they all want their own version to win out, but by competing they make it entirely likely that most consumers will sit back and wait until (a) one of the formats is a clear winner or (b) a newer, even better, method of supplying movies is developed by someone else. If the latter happens, both Sony and Toshiba lose out.

Imagine that both companies have developed a new product, but with different formats. If one of the companies would be willing to switch quickly (assume that copyright laws would allow it to produce something similar), that company would lose some time and market share but be able to get into the market. Consumers would be more willing to buy the new technology, and both companies would make more money. If neither company is willing to coordinate with the other, they end up in a war of attrition, with fewer customers. This is shown in the game below.


A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.