Which of the following Supreme Court rulings involved the necessary and proper clause?

In what ways are French and Japanese bureaucracies similar?

A) Japan's vice ministers carry out much of the same tasks as France's permanent secretaries. B) Both countries are heavily bureaucratized, with Japan having been modeled after France's civil servants. C) Bureaucrats in Japan and France work in complete tandem with elected officials. D) Japanese and French bureaucrats focus primarily on finances and the economy.

The ability of a court to hear a case is referred to as ______.

A. recidivism B. deterrence C. prosecution D. jurisdiction